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The CNS governs voluntary movements, such as walking, and involuntary movements, including those involved in digestion. Therefore, conditions that affect the spinal cord may also affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Scoliosis is the medical term for a sideways curvature of the spine. Spinal fusion surgery (SFS) for scoliosis fuses two or more vertebrae together to help straighten the spine and prevent the curvature from progressing.

A person with osteoporosis has weakened bones that are more likely to break. Although the condition is not reversible, people can prevent further bone loss and rebuild bones with medication, a nutrient-dense diet, and weight bearing exercise.

The researchers found that MIS procedures were associated with significantly greater odds of patient satisfaction 3 months postoperatively but not 12 months postoperatively. MIS was also associated with less disability and pain at both time points.

Therapeutic aquatic exercise leads to greater pain alleviation in patients with chronic low back pain compared with physical therapy, according to a study published online Jan. 7 in JAMA Network Open.

The subtalar joint is a complex joint in the foot. It is vital for walking, and helps people balance on uneven or rough ground. Damage to the subtalar joint may impact a person?s mobility or affect their gait when walking. It may also cause pain.

Wrapping a sprained ankle helps reduce swellingTrusted Source and allows the ankle ligaments to heal in a natural position. If a person has a swollen ankle, the ligaments can heal while stretched out, which reduces their functionality.

A broken ankle can severely limit your ability to perform basic functional tasks like running and walking. This painful injury can cause loss of lower extremity strength, range of motion, and pain. These impairments can make performing your normal everyda

The ankle joint is one of the major weight-bearing joints in the body. As a result of this function and partly due to its structure, the ankle is often injured, such as when jumping and landing incorrectly.

Tendonitis is one of the most common causes of foot or ankle pain. The muscles of your leg, foot, and ankle are attached to the bone by tendons, which are strong, cord-like tissues. Tendonitis is swelling that happens around a tendon.